Hammam al-Shifâ’
(736/1336)
Localisation : au sud de l’allée couverte du sûq al-Qattanîn (D4.6).
Réf :
Burgoyne (1987), n°24c
Meinecke (1992), 9C/336
Historique
Le hammam est élevé pendant la grande campagne de réaménagement du quartier par le gouverneur de Damas Sayf al-Dîn Tankiz de 736/1335-1336 à 737/1336-1337 avec la construction du sûq al-Qattanîn (736/1336), du khân Tankîz (736/1336) et du hammam al-‘Aîn déjà construit depuis 728/1328. Le bain est construit en liaison avec cette allée marchande couverte dont l’accès se fait via les baies 18 à 20 du site. C’est peut-être la dernière construction de cette campagne, ce qui expliquerait son plan plutôt irrégulier.
On doit aussi à Tankiz la madrasa Tankizîya (728/1328) et de nombreuses autres constructions sur tout le territoire, notamment à Damas avec la madrasa Tankizîya (739/1338), le tombeau Kaukaba’îya (730/1330) et la mosquée/tombeau al-Tankîz (718/1318) où il est inhumé.[1]
Sa madrasa de Jérusalem conserve un acte de donation (waqf) qui mentionne ce hammam comme le hammam sud :
[The
waqf includes] all the cells
belonging to both adjacent
ḥammāms, the southern
and the western that were established by the above referred endower [Tankiz], let God glorify his supporters, they are standing in Wādī
al-Ṭawāḥīn in Jerusalem.
The southern one [i. e.ḥammām]
[…] is closed by a private door leading
to a changing room, around which are platforms constructed
of stone and lime; and in it is
a cold water pool, paved-it
and the floor of the mentioned
mashlah [changing
room]- with colored marble. On the west of this mashlah is
a rawshan one ascends
to it by a stair of stone;
and on its east, there are three iron windows with
shutters that overlook the garden which has trees of citrus and
roses. This garden is added to this ḥammām
as part of its rights. And
one enters from this mashlah to the
interior of this bath. It contains a dome that is vaulted
[maʿqūda] with
cups of glass [jāmāt.
pl.
/ jām.sing.; Persian “cup”]; below which [the dome] are four marble basins; and
four compartments [maqāṣīr]
vaulted by domes with cups and of them [the compartments] three are covered with colored
marble; each one of them encompasses two marble basins; and the fourth one encompasses one marble basin; and in the glass chamber
[the main hot room?] of this bath is
a marble basin and a marbled
washtub [ṭashtiyya]
supplied with cold water;
and
the floor of the entirety
of this mentioned ḥammām and its compartments are marbled with colored marble;
and attached to this
ḥammām is
his blessed iqmīm [furnace] that consists also of water equipment [Āla] and in it [the iqmīm] a maṣnaʿ
[installation] that runs its water; and the water is
divided between this ḥammām and the ḥammām whose mention is coming, that
is the western of the two mentioned ḥammāms and is the smaller of the two, and the entirety of the interior of this ḥammām and its floor is marbled
with colored marble; and in the iqmīn
[same as iqmīm,
that is furnace]
that was previously mentioned is the equipment of this ḥammām also, which is
dedicated for its running
water and its basins [wa-qidrāhu];
and these two ḥammāms have the rights
to water from the canal known
as al-ʿArrūb, and it
is a confirmed right. Both ḥammāms are bordered from the south by al-Ṭahāra that was
established by the donor [Tankiz] let God bless him, and from the east by ḥakūrat al-Ṭahāra
[garden] and to the north
the road leading to the Ḥaram
al-Sharīf from a gate known as Bāb
al-Siqāya (i.e. the gate
of getting water/bringing
water); and in it [to the road leading
to the Ḥaram] opens the gate
of the, previously mentioned,
western ḥammām; and to the west [of the two baths] is the road leading from Wādī al-Ṭawāḥīn to the pool that receives the water
from Qanāt al-ʿArrūb;
And in it [i.e. the road of Wādī
al-Ṭawāḥīn] the gate of the big ḥammām
is open.[2]
Epigraphie
Pas
d’inscription.
Biblio complémentaire
Dow (1996), p.87-90
Kenney (2009),
p.109-114
Daadli/Barbé (2017), p.66-93
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1/ plan du hammam |
2/ section du hammam |
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