JRS Hammam Ain

Hammam al-‘Ain (728/1328)

Localisation : au sud de l’allée couverte du sûq al-Qattanîn (D4.2).

Réf :

Burgoyne (1987), n°24a

Meinecke (1992), 9C/226

Historique

Il s’agit probablement du hammam commandé en rabi’ I 728/15.I-13.II.1328 par le gouverneur de Damas et vice-roi (na’îb al-sultana) Saif al-Dîn Tankiz[1] pendant sa visite à Jérusalem.

L’édifice (ill.1) est élevé au sud des baies 1 à 3 de la future allée marchande couverte, le sûq al-Qattanîn (736/1336), comtemporain de sa grande campagne de réaménagement du quartier avec la construction du khân Tankîz (736/1336) et du hammam al-Shifâ (736/1336). On lui doit aussi la madrasa Tankizîya (728/1328) et de nombreuses autres constructions sur tout le territoire notamment à Damas avec la madrasa Tankizîya (739/1338), le tombeau Kaukaba’îya (730/1330) et la mosquée/tombeau al-Tankîz (718/1318) où il est inhumé.[2]

L’acte de donation de sa madrasa à Jérusalem mentionne ce hammam comme le hammam ouest :

[The waqf includes] all the cells belonging to both adjacent ḥammāms, the southern and the western that were established by the above referred endower [Tankiz], let God glorify his supporters, they are standing in Wādī al-Ṭawāḥīn in Jerusalem.

The southern one [i. e.ḥammām] […] is closed by a private door leading to a changing room, around which are platforms constructed of stone and lime; and in it is a cold water pool, paved-it and the floor of the mentioned mashlah [changing room]- with colored marble. On the west of this mashlah is a rawshan one ascends to it by a stair of stone; and on its east, there are three iron windows with shutters that overlook the garden which has trees of citrus and roses. This garden is added to this ḥammām as part of its rights. And one enters from this mashlah to the interior of this bath. It contains a dome that is vaulted [maʿqūda] with cups of glass [jāmāt.

pl. / jām.sing.; Persian “cup”]; below which [the dome] are four marble basins; and four compartments [maqāṣīr] vaulted by domes with cups and of them [the compartments] three are covered with colored marble; each one of them encompasses two marble basins; and the fourth one encompasses one marble basin; and in the glass chamber [the main hot room?] of this bath is a marble basin and a marbled washtub [ṭashtiyya] supplied with cold water;

and the floor of the entirety of this mentioned ḥammām and its compartments are marbled with colored marble; and attached to this ḥammām is his blessed iqmīm [furnace] that consists also of water equipment [Āla] and in it [the iqmīm] a maṣnaʿ [installation] that runs its water; and the water is divided between this ḥammām and the ḥammām whose mention is coming, that is the western of the two mentioned ḥammāms and is the smaller of the two, and the entirety of the interior of this ḥammām and its floor is marbled with colored marble; and in the iqmīn [same as iqmīm, that is furnace] that was previously mentioned is the equipment of this ḥammām also, which is dedicated for its running water and its basins [wa-qidrāhu]; and these two ḥammāms have the rights to water from the canal known as al-ʿArrūb, and it is a confirmed right. Both ḥammāms are bordered from the south by al-Ṭahāra that was

established by the donor [Tankiz] let God bless him, and from the east by ḥakūrat al-Ṭahāra [garden] and to the north the road leading to the Ḥaram al-Sharīf from a gate known as Bāb al-Siqāya (i.e. the gate of getting water/bringing water); and in it [to the road leading to the Ḥaram] opens the gate of the, previously mentioned, western ḥammām; and to the west [of the two baths] is the road leading from Wādī al-Ṭawāḥīn to the pool that receives the water

from Qanāt al-ʿArrūb; And in it [i.e. the road of Wādī al-Ṭawāḥīn] the gate of the big ḥammām is open.[3]

Le hammam, accessible par le tarîq al-Wad est restauré et est désormais ouvert au public.

Epigraphie

Pas d’inscription.

Biblio complémentaire

Dow (1996), p.90-91

Kenney (2009), p.109-114

Daadli/Barbé (2017), p.66-93

Tchekhanovets (2019)